What is cellular respiration?
Cellular respiration is the process of glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain that a cell uses to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into ATP.
How was cellular respiration measured in the cricket lab?
It was measured by the change in CO2 in the container.
Start time: 7:30
End time : 7:45
7:30: One chick visible, sitting on the edge of the nest looking out towards the camera
7:37: Chick stood up and turned away towards the center of the nest and walked into the center making a 2nd chick visible
7:38: 1st chick sat down next to the 2nd chick. Only top of chicks visible
No activity for the rest of the watch
Start time: 9:00 pm
End time: 9:15 pm
Completely dark. Flashlight providing light to the nest.
9:00 two chicks sitting at the back edge of the nest, looking over the edge.
9:02 Chicks stand up and walk around the nest, stretching their wings over their heads.
9:07 Chicks sit back down at the edge, facing the camera.
9:09 Sirens can be heard, birds respond by picking up their heads and looking around.
9:10 Sirens stop, chicks settle down
9:11 Chicks lay back down
no activity for rest of watch
Throughout the watch, a lager birds tail feathers can be seen hanging down from a higher branch, but rest of bird is covered.
Observing the effect that temperature has on the metabolic rate of ectotherms by measuring the production of CO2. John Upton, BIO 104, Friday Lab
Introduction
Endotherms, like humans (H. Sapiens), maintain a constant body temperature by using metabolic energy. Ectotherms on the other hand rely on the environment around them for their body temperature. Because of this as the temperature decreases, it will be harder for the ectotherm to maintain its metabolic rate, causing it to decrease (Toxopeus et al. 2019).Crickets (A. domesticus) are ectotherms, so when they are exposed to temperature changes, they will demonstrate the effect of temperature on metabolic rate.
Metabolic rate is the rate in which heat is released from breaking down food. Since this is hard to measure, the rate of respiration is used as a measurement instead. This is measured by recording the amount of CO2 produced by the animal. CO2 can be used to represent metabolic rate because it is a product of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration can be used to represent metabolic rate because it is one of the main ways organisms produce energy from food. So as respiration increases or decreases, the metabolic rate will do the same. Because CO2 is a product of respiration, the change in CO2 in the air will represent the change in respiration, therefor the change in metabolic rate.
This experiment looked at the effect that temperature had on the metabolic rate of ectotherms. The change CO2 production of crickets exposed to different temperatures were measures, thereby giving an understanding of the change in metabolic rate. Given the nature of ectotherms, the change should show that as temperatures increase, the metabolic rate will increase as well.
Methods
To start the experiment, a scale was used to weigh the crickets. Once the crickets were weighted, the rate of CO2 at room temperature (approximately 25℃). This was done by placing a CO2 sensors into the top of each cricket container far enough so that no air could enter or escape. After setting up the sensors, a minute was waited, then data (level of CO2 in parts per million per second) begun collecting. After five minutes the data collection was complete and the stop collection button was clicked. After the data was recorded, a line of best fit was placed in the graph and the slope was recorded.
After the results of the room temperature were recorded, the CO2 levels for the warm temperature were recorded next. This was done by filling up a bowl with warm water from the tab as hot as it could produce. The temperature was them measured in degrees celsius.. The cricket containers were placed into the warm water and held down so they would not float and the data was recorded again for five minutes as done previously. After the five minutes the slope of the best fit line was recorded for the warm temperature.
Once the warm temperature was recorded, the CO2 levels for cold temperature were recorded. This was done by filling up a bowl with cold ice water. The cricket containers were placed into the cold ice water and held down so they would not float and the data was recorded again for five minutes as done previously. After the five minutes the slope of the best fit line was recorded for the cold temperature.
Results
Figure 1. Average rate of cricket respiration when exposed to different temperatures.
The average temperature for cold, room temperature, and hot were 8.75 ℃, 23.75 ℃, and 41.25 ℃ respectively. The average respiration rate for cold, room temperature, and hot were 0.2002132772 ppm/s/g, 0.6817211873 ppm/s/g, and 1.045062473 ppm/s/g. On average, as the temperature rose, the respiration rate rose as well.
Discussion
The hypothesis of this lab was if the temperature increased, the metabolic rate would increase as well. There have been studies that have demonstrated the effect that temperature has on respiration rates in ectotherms (Javal et al. 2018, Źagar et al. 2018). Because ectotherms rely on the environment to regulate their body temperature, the warmer the conditions the higher the metabolic rate will be. This is supported in our results of CO2 production. The increase of CO2 levels are representative of an increase of the metabolic rate.
This was clearly demonstrated by our results. As the temperature changes, the CO2 production changed with it. Just like the studies showed, as the temperature decreased, the crickets in our experiment showed a decrease in metabolic rate. As temperature increased, there was an increase in metabolic rate as well.
One way that this study could be improved if done again is by having consistent temperatures for each trial. One question that was brought up as a result of this lab is do other ectotherms share a similar metabolic sensitivity to temperature change. A follow up study that could be done at the end of this study to answer this question is to do it with another ecotherm rather than crickets to see if they have the same sensitivity to temperature change.
Works cited
Javala M, Roquesa A, Rouxa G, Lapariea M. 2018. Corrigendum to “Respiration-based monitoring of metabolic rate following cold-exposure in two invasive Anoplophora species depending on acclimation regime”. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A 216: 20-27.
Toxopeus J, Des Marteaux LE, Sinclair BJ. 2019. How crickets become freeze tolerant: The transcriptomic underpinnings of acclimation in Gryllus veletis. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology – Part D 29: 55–66.
Žagar A, Carretero MA, Marguč D, Simčič T, Vrezec A. 2018. A metabolic syndrome in terrestrial ectotherms with different elevational and distribution patterns. Ecography 41: 1728–1739.
2)
Start time 3:15 pm
End time 3:30 pm
Sunny, windy day
3:15: Two chicks visible. One chick is laying down in the foreground of the nest, fully visible (Chick 1). Another chick is laying behind chick 1, only feet visible (chick 2).
3:17: chick 2 shows its wing from behind chick 1
3:22 chick 2 shows outstretched wing again.
3:26: chick 2 stands up and starts to look around and make a high pitched noise.
3:27: smaller birds fly on to the branches of the tree
3:29: chick 2 starts to walk around the nest and stretch wings
Throughout my watch, chick 1 remained in the same position, only moving its head. Its head was almost always in motion during the 15 minutes
10:45-11:00
As I watched for the 15 minutes, I only saw one eagle. The eagle was puffed up and didn’t move much. The only movement I observed looked like the eagle was taking deep breaths and it occasionally picked up its head and looked around. I was raining throughout the time. I also saw a warning that said it contained footage of a dead bird, but I didn’t see that. I’m curious to know who was the bird B13.
Looking at the CLASS DARA, what conclusions can you drow about the nutrition value of the meals/ snacks this group of students is consuming?
The nutritional value of the group’s meals is not very good. In all but one category, the majority of the class did not get the recommended amount of the nutrient. Also, the students that got the recommended amount of nutrients was last in every category.
Assuming the majority of the food consumed is from the Commons dining hall and/ or other venues on campus, what suggestions do you have for the food service managers?
I would suggest that they provide more options for people that might not like what’s being served.
What spices do you wish were available at the dining hall? Are there nutrients in spices?
I wish there were garlic and ginger available at the dining hall. There are nutrients in some spices.
When I started to watch the eagle cam, there was one eagle lying down with its head up. It looked around and twitched its wings a few times until putting its head down after about three minutes. When it put its head down, its wings moved to the side of its body exposing its white tail. This was the majority of the movement I saw. Towards the end of the 15 minutes, the eagle sat up at started to dart its head around with its beak open. Its wings moved more central again, covering its tail. It also started to breath heavier. That is all I observed during the 15 minutes.
Questions to answer before watching this video
I am primarily a composition writer because most of the writing I have done in the past has been in English class. I am most familiar and comfortable with a traditional five-paragraph essay.
When I think of scientific writing I think of a long, boring piece of writing that is difficult to read.
Answer this question after you watch the video
The poet mindset was different to me because, in my experience of scientific writing, it has not had that effect on me. I also haven’t experienced scientific writing that is written like a journalist. For me, the reading has been much more confusing
Most of the descriptions Wilson used surprised me because when I think about scientists, that is not the picture that I paint in my head.
For my project I used iMovie. It took me over an hour to write the script, record the audio and edit it. I feel that my project went pretty well. I would have recorded the audio separately then inserted it into iMovie afterward if I had more time.
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